diff --git a/tests/helpers/prisma.ts b/tests/helpers/prisma.ts
index fc551c1..c816cc5 100644
--- a/tests/helpers/prisma.ts
+++ b/tests/helpers/prisma.ts
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ export const createPrismaMock = () => ({
   bookDateSwipe: createModelMock(),
   goodreadsShelf: createModelMock(),
   goodreadsBookMapping: createModelMock(),
+  apiToken: createModelMock(),
   $queryRaw: vi.fn(),
   $disconnect: vi.fn(),
 });
diff --git a/tests/middleware/auth.middleware.test.ts b/tests/middleware/auth.middleware.test.ts
index e6f9436..4f3eee2 100644
--- a/tests/middleware/auth.middleware.test.ts
+++ b/tests/middleware/auth.middleware.test.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
  * Documentation: documentation/backend/services/auth.md
  */
 
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
 import { createPrismaMock } from '../helpers/prisma';
+import crypto from 'crypto';
 
 const prismaMock = createPrismaMock();
 const verifyAccessTokenMock = vi.fn();
@@ -29,6 +31,11 @@ const makeRequest = (authHeader?: string) => ({
   },
 });
 
+// Helper to create a valid API token hash for testing
+const createTestApiToken = (token: string) => {
+  return crypto.createHash('sha256').update(token).digest('hex');
+};
+
 describe('auth middleware', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.clearAllMocks();
@@ -159,6 +166,98 @@ describe('auth middleware', () => {
     expect(result).toBe(true);
   });
 
+  it('rejects JWT tokens for soft-deleted users', async () => {
+    verifyAccessTokenMock.mockReturnValue({
+      sub: 'user-1',
+      plexId: 'plex-1',
+      username: 'user',
+      role: 'user',
+      iat: 1,
+      exp: 2,
+    });
+    prismaMock.user.findUnique.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'user-1',
+      deletedAt: new Date(),
+    });
+    const { requireAuth } = await import('@/lib/middleware/auth');
+
+    const response = await requireAuth(makeRequest('Bearer token') as any, vi.fn());
+    const payload = await response.json();
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(401);
+    expect(payload.message).toMatch(/user not found/i);
+  });
+
+  describe('API token authentication', () => {
+    const testToken = 'rmab_test1234567890abcdef';
+    const testTokenHash = createTestApiToken(testToken);
+
+    it('rejects API tokens for soft-deleted users', async () => {
+      prismaMock.apiToken.findUnique.mockResolvedValue({
+        id: 'token-1',
+        tokenHash: testTokenHash,
+        role: 'user',
+        expiresAt: null,
+        tokenUser: {
+          id: 'user-1',
+          plexUsername: 'deleteduser',
+          role: 'user',
+          deletedAt: new Date(),
+        },
+      });
+      const { requireAuth } = await import('@/lib/middleware/auth');
+
+      const response = await requireAuth(makeRequest(`Bearer ${testToken}`) as any, vi.fn());
+      const payload = await response.json();
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(401);
+      expect(payload.message).toMatch(/invalid.*expired/i);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects API tokens for missing users', async () => {
+      prismaMock.apiToken.findUnique.mockResolvedValue({
+        id: 'token-1',
+        tokenHash: testTokenHash,
+        role: 'user',
+        expiresAt: null,
+        tokenUser: null,
+      });
+      const { requireAuth } = await import('@/lib/middleware/auth');
+
+      const response = await requireAuth(makeRequest(`Bearer ${testToken}`) as any, vi.fn());
+      const payload = await response.json();
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(401);
+      expect(payload.message).toMatch(/invalid.*expired/i);
+    });
+
+    it('accepts valid API tokens for active users', async () => {
+      prismaMock.apiToken.findUnique.mockResolvedValue({
+        id: 'token-1',
+        tokenHash: testTokenHash,
+        role: 'user',
+        expiresAt: null,
+        tokenUser: {
+          id: 'user-1',
+          plexUsername: 'activeuser',
+          role: 'user',
+          deletedAt: null,
+        },
+      });
+      prismaMock.apiToken.update.mockResolvedValue({});
+      const { requireAuth } = await import('@/lib/middleware/auth');
+
+      const handler = vi.fn(async (req: any) =>
+        NextResponse.json({ ok: true, userId: req.user?.id })
+      );
+      const response = await requireAuth(makeRequest(`Bearer ${testToken}`) as any, handler);
+      const payload = await response.json();
+
+      expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(payload.userId).toBe('user-1');
+    });
+  });
+
   it('returns current user from token', async () => {
     verifyAccessTokenMock.mockReturnValue({
       sub: 'user-1',
diff --git a/tests/utils/apiTokenRateLimit.test.ts b/tests/utils/apiTokenRateLimit.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a80c9d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/utils/apiTokenRateLimit.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/**
+ * Component: API Token Rate Limit Tests
+ * Documentation: documentation/backend/services/auth.md
+ */
+
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  checkApiTokenCreateRateLimit,
+  checkApiTokenRevokeRateLimit,
+} from '@/lib/utils/apiTokenRateLimit';
+
+describe('API Token Rate Limiting', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  describe('checkApiTokenCreateRateLimit', () => {
+    it('allows requests under the limit', () => {
+      const actorId = 'user-create-1';
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        const result = checkApiTokenCreateRateLimit(actorId);
+        expect(result.allowed).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('blocks requests over the limit (10/min)', () => {
+      const actorId = 'user-create-2';
+
+      // Use up the limit
+      for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        checkApiTokenCreateRateLimit(actorId);
+      }
+
+      // 11th request should be blocked
+      const result = checkApiTokenCreateRateLimit(actorId);
+      expect(result.allowed).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.retryAfterSeconds).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('resets after the window expires', () => {
+      const actorId = 'user-create-3';
+
+      // Use up the limit
+      for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        checkApiTokenCreateRateLimit(actorId);
+      }
+
+      // Should be blocked
+      expect(checkApiTokenCreateRateLimit(actorId).allowed).toBe(false);
+
+      // Advance time past the window (60 seconds)
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(61 * 1000);
+
+      // Should be allowed again
+      expect(checkApiTokenCreateRateLimit(actorId).allowed).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('tracks different actors separately', () => {
+      const actor1 = 'user-create-4';
+      const actor2 = 'user-create-5';
+
+      // Use up actor1's limit
+      for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        checkApiTokenCreateRateLimit(actor1);
+      }
+
+      // actor1 should be blocked
+      expect(checkApiTokenCreateRateLimit(actor1).allowed).toBe(false);
+
+      // actor2 should still be allowed
+      expect(checkApiTokenCreateRateLimit(actor2).allowed).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('checkApiTokenRevokeRateLimit', () => {
+    it('allows requests under the limit', () => {
+      const actorId = 'user-revoke-1';
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+        const result = checkApiTokenRevokeRateLimit(actorId);
+        expect(result.allowed).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('blocks requests over the limit (20/min)', () => {
+      const actorId = 'user-revoke-2';
+
+      // Use up the limit
+      for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+        checkApiTokenRevokeRateLimit(actorId);
+      }
+
+      // 21st request should be blocked
+      const result = checkApiTokenRevokeRateLimit(actorId);
+      expect(result.allowed).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.retryAfterSeconds).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('returns correct retryAfterSeconds', () => {
+      const actorId = 'user-revoke-3';
+
+      // Use up the limit
+      for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+        checkApiTokenRevokeRateLimit(actorId);
+      }
+
+      // Advance 30 seconds into the window
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(30 * 1000);
+
+      const result = checkApiTokenRevokeRateLimit(actorId);
+      expect(result.allowed).toBe(false);
+      // Should have ~30 seconds left
+      expect(result.retryAfterSeconds).toBeLessThanOrEqual(30);
+      expect(result.retryAfterSeconds).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+  });
+});