refactor: replace gorm with vanilla sql and sqlc

2025-12-25 01:22:30 +00:00 · 2025-12-24 20:17:41 +02:00
18 changed files with 394 additions and 187 deletions
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ cd tinyauth
 Although you will not need the requirements in your machine since the development will happen in docker, I still recommend to install them because this way you will not have import errors. To install the go requirements run:

 ```sh
-go mod tidy
+go mod download
 ```

 You also need to download the frontend dependencies, this can be done like so:
--- a/docker-compose.dev.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.dev.yml
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ services:
    volumes:
      - ./internal:/tinyauth/internal
      - ./cmd:/tinyauth/cmd
-      - ./main.go:/tinyauth/main.go
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
      - ./data:/data
    ports:
--- a/frontend/bun.lock
+++ b/frontend/bun.lock
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
        "next-themes": "^0.4.6",
        "react": "^19.2.3",
        "react-dom": "^19.2.3",
-        "react-hook-form": "^7.69.0",
+        "react-hook-form": "^7.68.0",
        "react-i18next": "^16.5.0",
        "react-markdown": "^10.1.0",
        "react-router": "^7.11.0",
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
        "prettier": "3.7.4",
        "tw-animate-css": "^1.4.0",
        "typescript": "~5.9.3",
-        "typescript-eslint": "^8.50.1",
+        "typescript-eslint": "^8.50.0",
        "vite": "^7.3.0",
      },
    },
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+    "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree/@typescript-eslint/types": ["@typescript-eslint/types@8.50.0", "", {}, "sha512-iX1mgmGrXdANhhITbpp2QQM2fGehBse9LbTf0sidWK6yg/NE+uhV5dfU1g6EYPlcReYmkE9QLPq/2irKAmtS9w=="],

    "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree/minimatch": ["minimatch@9.0.5", "", { "dependencies": { "brace-expansion": "^2.0.1" } }, "sha512-G6T0ZX48xgozx7587koeX9Ys2NYy6Gmv//P89sEte9V9whIapMNF4idKxnW2QtCcLiTWlb/wfCabAtAFWhhBow=="],

@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@

    "@typescript-eslint/utils/@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree": ["@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree@8.46.1", "", { "dependencies": { "@typescript-eslint/project-service": "8.46.1", "@typescript-eslint/tsconfig-utils": "8.46.1", "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.46.1", "@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys": "8.46.1", "debug": "^4.3.4", "fast-glob": "^3.3.2", "is-glob": "^4.0.3", "minimatch": "^9.0.4", "semver": "^7.6.0", "ts-api-utils": "^2.1.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "typescript": ">=4.8.4 <6.0.0" } }, "sha512-uIifjT4s8cQKFQ8ZBXXyoUODtRoAd7F7+G8MKmtzj17+1UbdzFl52AzRyZRyKqPHhgzvXunnSckVu36flGy8cg=="],

-    "@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys/@typescript-eslint/types": ["@typescript-eslint/types@8.50.1", "", {}, "sha512-v5lFIS2feTkNyMhd7AucE/9j/4V9v5iIbpVRncjk/K0sQ6Sb+Np9fgYS/63n6nwqahHQvbmujeBL7mp07Q9mlA=="],
+    "@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys/@typescript-eslint/types": ["@typescript-eslint/types@8.50.0", "", {}, "sha512-iX1mgmGrXdANhhITbpp2QQM2fGehBse9LbTf0sidWK6yg/NE+uhV5dfU1g6EYPlcReYmkE9QLPq/2irKAmtS9w=="],

    "eslint-plugin-react-hooks/@babel/core": ["@babel/core@7.28.4", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/code-frame": "^7.27.1", "@babel/generator": "^7.28.3", "@babel/helper-compilation-targets": "^7.27.2", "@babel/helper-module-transforms": "^7.28.3", "@babel/helpers": "^7.28.4", "@babel/parser": "^7.28.4", "@babel/template": "^7.27.2", "@babel/traverse": "^7.28.4", "@babel/types": "^7.28.4", "@jridgewell/remapping": "^2.3.5", "convert-source-map": "^2.0.0", "debug": "^4.1.0", "gensync": "^1.0.0-beta.2", "json5": "^2.2.3", "semver": "^6.3.1" } }, "sha512-2BCOP7TN8M+gVDj7/ht3hsaO/B/n5oDbiAyyvnRlNOs+u1o+JWNYTQrmpuNp1/Wq2gcFrI01JAW+paEKDMx/CA=="],

@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@

    "parse-entities/@types/unist": ["@types/unist@2.0.11", "", {}, "sha512-CmBKiL6NNo/OqgmMn95Fk9Whlp2mtvIv+KNpQKN2F4SjvrEesubTRWGYSg+BnWZOnlCaSTU1sMpsBOzgbYhnsA=="],

-    "typescript-eslint/@typescript-eslint/utils": ["@typescript-eslint/utils@8.50.1", "", { "dependencies": { "@eslint-community/eslint-utils": "^4.7.0", "@typescript-eslint/scope-manager": "8.50.1", "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.50.1", "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree": "8.50.1" }, "peerDependencies": { "eslint": "^8.57.0 || ^9.0.0", "typescript": ">=4.8.4 <6.0.0" } }, "sha512-lCLp8H1T9T7gPbEuJSnHwnSuO9mDf8mfK/Nion5mZmiEaQD9sWf9W4dfeFqRyqRjF06/kBuTmAqcs9sewM2NbQ=="],
+    "typescript-eslint/@typescript-eslint/utils": ["@typescript-eslint/utils@8.50.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@eslint-community/eslint-utils": "^4.7.0", "@typescript-eslint/scope-manager": "8.50.0", "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.50.0", "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree": "8.50.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "eslint": "^8.57.0 || ^9.0.0", "typescript": ">=4.8.4 <6.0.0" } }, "sha512-87KgUXET09CRjGCi2Ejxy3PULXna63/bMYv72tCAlDJC3Yqwln0HiFJ3VJMst2+mEtNtZu5oFvX4qJGjKsnAgg=="],

    "@babel/helper-module-imports/@babel/traverse/@babel/generator": ["@babel/generator@7.27.1", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/parser": "^7.27.1", "@babel/types": "^7.27.1", "@jridgewell/gen-mapping": "^0.3.5", "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.25", "jsesc": "^3.0.2" } }, "sha512-UnJfnIpc/+JO0/+KRVQNGU+y5taA5vCbwN8+azkX6beii/ZF+enZJSOKo11ZSzGJjlNfJHfQtmQT8H+9TXPG2w=="],

@@ -1057,11 +1057,11 @@

    "@eslint/eslintrc/espree/eslint-visitor-keys": ["eslint-visitor-keys@4.2.0", "", {}, "sha512-UyLnSehNt62FFhSwjZlHmeokpRK59rcz29j+F1/aDgbkbRTk7wIc9XzdoasMUbRNKDM0qQt/+BJ4BrpFeABemw=="],

-    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin/@typescript-eslint/scope-manager/@typescript-eslint/types": ["@typescript-eslint/types@8.50.1", "", {}, "sha512-v5lFIS2feTkNyMhd7AucE/9j/4V9v5iIbpVRncjk/K0sQ6Sb+Np9fgYS/63n6nwqahHQvbmujeBL7mp07Q9mlA=="],
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin/@typescript-eslint/scope-manager/@typescript-eslint/types": ["@typescript-eslint/types@8.50.0", "", {}, "sha512-iX1mgmGrXdANhhITbpp2QQM2fGehBse9LbTf0sidWK6yg/NE+uhV5dfU1g6EYPlcReYmkE9QLPq/2irKAmtS9w=="],

-    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin/@typescript-eslint/utils/@typescript-eslint/types": ["@typescript-eslint/types@8.50.1", "", {}, "sha512-v5lFIS2feTkNyMhd7AucE/9j/4V9v5iIbpVRncjk/K0sQ6Sb+Np9fgYS/63n6nwqahHQvbmujeBL7mp07Q9mlA=="],
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin/@typescript-eslint/utils/@typescript-eslint/types": ["@typescript-eslint/types@8.50.0", "", {}, "sha512-iX1mgmGrXdANhhITbpp2QQM2fGehBse9LbTf0sidWK6yg/NE+uhV5dfU1g6EYPlcReYmkE9QLPq/2irKAmtS9w=="],

-    "@typescript-eslint/type-utils/@typescript-eslint/utils/@typescript-eslint/scope-manager": ["@typescript-eslint/scope-manager@8.50.1", "", { "dependencies": { "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.50.1", "@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys": "8.50.1" } }, "sha512-mfRx06Myt3T4vuoHaKi8ZWNTPdzKPNBhiblze5N50//TSHOAQQevl/aolqA/BcqqbJ88GUnLqjjcBc8EWdBcVw=="],
+    "@typescript-eslint/type-utils/@typescript-eslint/utils/@typescript-eslint/scope-manager": ["@typescript-eslint/scope-manager@8.50.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.50.0", "@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys": "8.50.0" } }, "sha512-xCwfuCZjhIqy7+HKxBLrDVT5q/iq7XBVBXLn57RTIIpelLtEIZHXAF/Upa3+gaCpeV1NNS5Z9A+ID6jn50VD4A=="],

    "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree/minimatch/brace-expansion": ["brace-expansion@2.0.1", "", { "dependencies": { "balanced-match": "^1.0.0" } }, "sha512-XnAIvQ8eM+kC6aULx6wuQiwVsnzsi9d3WxzV3FpWTGA19F621kwdbsAcFKXgKUHZWsy+mY6iL1sHTxWEFCytDA=="],

@@ -1081,9 +1081,9 @@

    "eslint-plugin-react-hooks/@babel/core/@babel/types": ["@babel/types@7.28.4", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.27.1", "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.27.1" } }, "sha512-bkFqkLhh3pMBUQQkpVgWDWq/lqzc2678eUyDlTBhRqhCHFguYYGM0Efga7tYk4TogG/3x0EEl66/OQ+WGbWB/Q=="],

-    "typescript-eslint/@typescript-eslint/utils/@typescript-eslint/scope-manager": ["@typescript-eslint/scope-manager@8.50.1", "", { "dependencies": { "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.50.1", "@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys": "8.50.1" } }, "sha512-mfRx06Myt3T4vuoHaKi8ZWNTPdzKPNBhiblze5N50//TSHOAQQevl/aolqA/BcqqbJ88GUnLqjjcBc8EWdBcVw=="],
+    "typescript-eslint/@typescript-eslint/utils/@typescript-eslint/scope-manager": ["@typescript-eslint/scope-manager@8.50.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.50.0", "@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys": "8.50.0" } }, "sha512-xCwfuCZjhIqy7+HKxBLrDVT5q/iq7XBVBXLn57RTIIpelLtEIZHXAF/Upa3+gaCpeV1NNS5Z9A+ID6jn50VD4A=="],

-    "typescript-eslint/@typescript-eslint/utils/@typescript-eslint/types": ["@typescript-eslint/types@8.50.1", "", {}, "sha512-v5lFIS2feTkNyMhd7AucE/9j/4V9v5iIbpVRncjk/K0sQ6Sb+Np9fgYS/63n6nwqahHQvbmujeBL7mp07Q9mlA=="],
+    "typescript-eslint/@typescript-eslint/utils/@typescript-eslint/types": ["@typescript-eslint/types@8.50.0", "", {}, "sha512-iX1mgmGrXdANhhITbpp2QQM2fGehBse9LbTf0sidWK6yg/NE+uhV5dfU1g6EYPlcReYmkE9QLPq/2irKAmtS9w=="],

    "@babel/helper-module-imports/@babel/traverse/@babel/generator/@jridgewell/gen-mapping": ["@jridgewell/gen-mapping@0.3.8", "", { "dependencies": { "@jridgewell/set-array": "^1.2.1", "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.10", "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.24" } }, "sha512-imAbBGkb+ebQyxKgzv5Hu2nmROxoDOXHh80evxdoXNOrvAnVx7zimzc1Oo5h9RlfV4vPXaE2iM5pOFbvOCClWA=="],

--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
    "next-themes": "^0.4.6",
    "react": "^19.2.3",
    "react-dom": "^19.2.3",
-    "react-hook-form": "^7.69.0",
+    "react-hook-form": "^7.68.0",
    "react-i18next": "^16.5.0",
    "react-markdown": "^10.1.0",
    "react-router": "^7.11.0",
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
    "prettier": "3.7.4",
    "tw-animate-css": "^1.4.0",
    "typescript": "~5.9.3",
-    "typescript-eslint": "^8.50.1",
+    "typescript-eslint": "^8.50.0",
    "vite": "^7.3.0"
  }
 }
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ toolchain go1.24.3
 require (
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.11.0
-	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0
 	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.1
 	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
@@ -17,8 +16,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/weppos/publicsuffix-go v0.50.1
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250620022241-b7579e27df2b
-	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1
 	gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.38.2
 )

 require (
@@ -32,15 +31,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.21.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.28.0 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.11 // indirect
-	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.32 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
@@ -59,7 +55,6 @@ require (
 	modernc.org/libc v1.66.3 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 // indirect
-	modernc.org/sqlite v1.38.2 // indirect
 	rsc.io/qr v0.2.0 // indirect
 )

--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -101,10 +101,6 @@ github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0 h1:n0w2GMuUpWDVp7qSpvze6fAu9iRxJY4Hmj6AmBOU05w
 github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0/go.mod h1:hxRZ5gVpWMT7Z0B0gSNYqqsSCNIJMjzvm6fqCz9vjwM=
 github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.11.0 h1:OW/6PLjyusp2PPXtyxKHU0RbX6I/l28FTdDlae5ueWk=
 github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.11.0/go.mod h1:+iq/FyxlGzII0KHiBGjuNn4UNENUlKbGlNmc+W50Dls=
-github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.21.2 h1:3a6LFC4sKahUunAmynQKLZceZCOzUthkRkEAl9gAXWo=
-github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.21.2/go.mod h1:sfxdZyhQjTM2Wry3gVYWaW072Ri1WMdWJi0k6+3382k=
-github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0 h1:wSG0irqzP6VurnMEpFGer5Li19RpIRi2qvQz++w0GMw=
-github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0/go.mod h1:h8/o8j5wiAsqSPoWELDUdJXhjAhsVliSn7bWZjOhrgQ=
 github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 h1:BP4M0CvQ4S3TGls2FvczZtj5Re/2ZzkV9VwqPHH/3Bo=
 github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667/go.mod h1:hEBeB/ic+5LoWskz+yKT7vGhhPYkProFKoKdwZRWMe0=
 github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.12 h1:1b81mv7MagXZ7+1r7cLTWmyuTqVqdwbtJSjC0DAp9s4=
@@ -161,10 +157,6 @@ github.com/jcmturner/gokrb5/v8 v8.4.4 h1:x1Sv4HaTpepFkXbt2IkL29DXRf8sOfZXo8eRKh6
 github.com/jcmturner/gokrb5/v8 v8.4.4/go.mod h1:1btQEpgT6k+unzCwX1KdWMEwPPkkgBtP+F6aCACiMrs=
 github.com/jcmturner/rpc/v2 v2.0.3 h1:7FXXj8Ti1IaVFpSAziCZWNzbNuZmnvw/i6CqLNdWfZY=
 github.com/jcmturner/rpc/v2 v2.0.3/go.mod h1:VUJYCIDm3PVOEHw8sgt091/20OJjskO/YJki3ELg/Hc=
-github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 h1:K317FqzuhWc8YvSVlFMCCUb36O/S9MCKRDI7QkRKD/E=
-github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0/go.mod h1:h+uFLlag+Qp1Va5pdKtLDYj+kHp5pxUVkryuEj+Srlc=
-github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 h1:/o9tlHleP7gOFmsnYNz3RGnqzefHA47wQpKrrdTIwXQ=
-github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5/go.mod h1:d3SSVoowX0Lcu0IBviAWJpolVfI5UJVZZ7cO71lE/z8=
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 h1:PV8peI4a0ysnczrg+LtxykD8LfKY9ML6u2jnxaEnrnM=
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12/go.mod h1:e30LSqwooZae/UwlEbR2852Gd8hjQvJoHmT4TnhNGBo=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 h1:S4CRMLnYUhGeDFDqkGriYKdfoFlDnMtqTiI/sFzhA9Y=
@@ -378,8 +370,6 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1 h1:7CA8FTFz/gRfgqgpeKIBcervUn3xSyPUmr6B2WXJ7kg=
-gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1/go.mod h1:XyQVbO2k6YkOis7C2437jSit3SsDK72s7n7rsSHd+Gs=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 h1:7koQfIKdy+I8UTetycgUqXWSDwpgv193Ka+qRsmBY8Q=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2/go.mod h1:LtdLGcnqToBH83WByAAi/wiwSFCArdFIUV/xxN4pcjA=
 modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.26.2 h1:991HMkLjJzYBIfha6ECZdjrIYz2/1ayr+FL8GN+CNzM=
--- a/internal/bootstrap/app_bootstrap.go
+++ b/internal/bootstrap/app_bootstrap.go
@@ -13,11 +13,10 @@ import (
 	"time"
 	"tinyauth/internal/config"
 	"tinyauth/internal/controller"
-	"tinyauth/internal/model"
+	"tinyauth/internal/repository"
 	"tinyauth/internal/utils"

 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 type BootstrapApp struct {
@@ -107,8 +106,18 @@ func (app *BootstrapApp) Setup() error {
 	log.Trace().Str("csrfCookieName", app.context.csrfCookieName).Msg("CSRF cookie name")
 	log.Trace().Str("redirectCookieName", app.context.redirectCookieName).Msg("Redirect cookie name")

+	// Database
+	db, err := app.setupDatabase(app.config.DatabasePath)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to setup database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Queries
+	queries := repository.New(db)
+
 	// Services
-	services, err := app.initServices()
+	services, err := app.initServices(queries)

 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize services: %w", err)
@@ -154,9 +163,9 @@ func (app *BootstrapApp) Setup() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to setup routes: %w", err)
 	}

-	// Start DB cleanup routine
+	// Start db cleanup routine
 	log.Debug().Msg("Starting database cleanup routine")
-	go app.dbCleanup(services.databaseService.GetDatabase())
+	go app.dbCleanup(queries)

 	// If analytics are not disabled, start heartbeat
 	if !app.config.DisableAnalytics {
@@ -246,16 +255,16 @@ func (app *BootstrapApp) heartbeat() {
 	}
 }

-func (app *BootstrapApp) dbCleanup(db *gorm.DB) {
+func (app *BootstrapApp) dbCleanup(queries *repository.Queries) {
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Duration(30) * time.Minute)
 	defer ticker.Stop()
 	ctx := context.Background()

 	for ; true; <-ticker.C {
 		log.Debug().Msg("Cleaning up old database sessions")
-		_, err := gorm.G[model.Session](db).Where("expiry < ?", time.Now().Unix()).Delete(ctx)
+		err := queries.DeleteExpiredSessions(ctx, time.Now().Unix())
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Failed to cleanup old sessions")
+			log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Failed to clean up old database sessions")
 		}
 	}
 }
--- a/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap.go
+++ b/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"tinyauth/internal/assets"
+
+	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
+	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/sqlite3"
+	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/iofs"
+	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
+)
+
+func (app *BootstrapApp) setupDatabase(databasePath string) (*sql.DB, error) {
+	dir := filepath.Dir(databasePath)
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create database directory %s: %w", dir, err)
+	}
+
+	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite", databasePath)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	migrations, err := iofs.New(assets.Migrations, "migrations")
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create migrations: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	target, err := sqlite3.WithInstance(db, &sqlite3.Config{})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create sqlite3 instance: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	migrator, err := migrate.NewWithInstance("iofs", migrations, "sqlite3", target)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create migrator: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := migrator.Up(); err != nil && err != migrate.ErrNoChange {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to migrate database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return db, nil
+}
--- a/internal/bootstrap/service_bootstrap.go
+++ b/internal/bootstrap/service_bootstrap.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package bootstrap

 import (
+	"tinyauth/internal/repository"
 	"tinyauth/internal/service"

 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
@@ -9,27 +10,14 @@ import (
 type Services struct {
 	accessControlService *service.AccessControlsService
 	authService          *service.AuthService
-	databaseService      *service.DatabaseService
 	dockerService        *service.DockerService
 	ldapService          *service.LdapService
 	oauthBrokerService   *service.OAuthBrokerService
 }

-func (app *BootstrapApp) initServices() (Services, error) {
+func (app *BootstrapApp) initServices(queries *repository.Queries) (Services, error) {
 	services := Services{}

-	databaseService := service.NewDatabaseService(service.DatabaseServiceConfig{
-		DatabasePath: app.config.DatabasePath,
-	})
-
-	err := databaseService.Init()
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return Services{}, err
-	}
-
-	services.databaseService = databaseService
-
 	ldapService := service.NewLdapService(service.LdapServiceConfig{
 		Address:      app.config.Ldap.Address,
 		BindDN:       app.config.Ldap.BindDN,
@@ -39,7 +27,7 @@ func (app *BootstrapApp) initServices() (Services, error) {
 		SearchFilter: app.config.Ldap.SearchFilter,
 	})

-	err = ldapService.Init()
+	err := ldapService.Init()

 	if err == nil {
 		services.ldapService = ldapService
@@ -76,7 +64,7 @@ func (app *BootstrapApp) initServices() (Services, error) {
 		LoginTimeout:      app.config.Auth.LoginTimeout,
 		LoginMaxRetries:   app.config.Auth.LoginMaxRetries,
 		SessionCookieName: app.context.sessionCookieName,
-	}, dockerService, ldapService, databaseService.GetDatabase())
+	}, dockerService, ldapService, queries)

 	err = authService.Init()

--- a/internal/model/session_model.go
+++ b/internal/model/session_model.go
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package model
-
-type Session struct {
-	UUID        string `gorm:"column:uuid;primaryKey"`
-	Username    string `gorm:"column:username"`
-	Email       string `gorm:"column:email"`
-	Name        string `gorm:"column:name"`
-	Provider    string `gorm:"column:provider"`
-	TOTPPending bool   `gorm:"column:totp_pending"`
-	OAuthGroups string `gorm:"column:oauth_groups"`
-	Expiry      int64  `gorm:"column:expiry"`
-	OAuthName   string `gorm:"column:oauth_name"`
-}
--- a/internal/repository/db.go
+++ b/internal/repository/db.go
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Code generated by sqlc. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+//   sqlc v1.30.0
+
+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+)
+
+type DBTX interface {
+	ExecContext(context.Context, string, ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
+	PrepareContext(context.Context, string) (*sql.Stmt, error)
+	QueryContext(context.Context, string, ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error)
+	QueryRowContext(context.Context, string, ...interface{}) *sql.Row
+}
+
+func New(db DBTX) *Queries {
+	return &Queries{db: db}
+}
+
+type Queries struct {
+	db DBTX
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) WithTx(tx *sql.Tx) *Queries {
+	return &Queries{
+		db: tx,
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/repository/models.go
+++ b/internal/repository/models.go
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Code generated by sqlc. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+//   sqlc v1.30.0
+
+package repository
+
+type Session struct {
+	UUID        string
+	Username    string
+	Email       string
+	Name        string
+	Provider    string
+	TotpPending bool
+	OAuthGroups string
+	Expiry      int64
+	OAuthName   string
+}
--- a/internal/repository/query.sql.go
+++ b/internal/repository/query.sql.go
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+// Code generated by sqlc. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+//   sqlc v1.30.0
+// source: query.sql
+
+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+)
+
+const createSession = `-- name: CreateSession :one
+INSERT INTO sessions (
+    "uuid",
+    "username",
+    "email",
+    "name",
+    "provider",
+    "totp_pending",
+    "oauth_groups",
+    "expiry",
+    "oauth_name"
+) VALUES (
+    ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?
+)
+RETURNING uuid, username, email, name, provider, totp_pending, oauth_groups, expiry, oauth_name
+`
+
+type CreateSessionParams struct {
+	UUID        string
+	Username    string
+	Email       string
+	Name        string
+	Provider    string
+	TotpPending bool
+	OAuthGroups string
+	Expiry      int64
+	OAuthName   string
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) CreateSession(ctx context.Context, arg CreateSessionParams) (Session, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, createSession,
+		arg.UUID,
+		arg.Username,
+		arg.Email,
+		arg.Name,
+		arg.Provider,
+		arg.TotpPending,
+		arg.OAuthGroups,
+		arg.Expiry,
+		arg.OAuthName,
+	)
+	var i Session
+	err := row.Scan(
+		&i.UUID,
+		&i.Username,
+		&i.Email,
+		&i.Name,
+		&i.Provider,
+		&i.TotpPending,
+		&i.OAuthGroups,
+		&i.Expiry,
+		&i.OAuthName,
+	)
+	return i, err
+}
+
+const deleteExpiredSessions = `-- name: DeleteExpiredSessions :exec
+DELETE FROM "sessions"
+WHERE "expiry" < ?
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) DeleteExpiredSessions(ctx context.Context, expiry int64) error {
+	_, err := q.db.ExecContext(ctx, deleteExpiredSessions, expiry)
+	return err
+}
+
+const deleteSession = `-- name: DeleteSession :exec
+DELETE FROM "sessions"
+WHERE "uuid" = ?
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) DeleteSession(ctx context.Context, uuid string) error {
+	_, err := q.db.ExecContext(ctx, deleteSession, uuid)
+	return err
+}
+
+const getSession = `-- name: GetSession :one
+SELECT uuid, username, email, name, provider, totp_pending, oauth_groups, expiry, oauth_name FROM "sessions"
+WHERE "uuid" = ?
+`
+
+func (q *Queries) GetSession(ctx context.Context, uuid string) (Session, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, getSession, uuid)
+	var i Session
+	err := row.Scan(
+		&i.UUID,
+		&i.Username,
+		&i.Email,
+		&i.Name,
+		&i.Provider,
+		&i.TotpPending,
+		&i.OAuthGroups,
+		&i.Expiry,
+		&i.OAuthName,
+	)
+	return i, err
+}
+
+const updateSession = `-- name: UpdateSession :one
+UPDATE "sessions" SET
+    "username" = ?,
+    "email" = ?,
+    "name" = ?,
+    "provider" = ?,
+    "totp_pending" = ?,
+    "oauth_groups" = ?,
+    "expiry" = ?,
+    "oauth_name" = ?
+WHERE "uuid" = ?
+RETURNING uuid, username, email, name, provider, totp_pending, oauth_groups, expiry, oauth_name
+`
+
+type UpdateSessionParams struct {
+	Username    string
+	Email       string
+	Name        string
+	Provider    string
+	TotpPending bool
+	OAuthGroups string
+	Expiry      int64
+	OAuthName   string
+	UUID        string
+}
+
+func (q *Queries) UpdateSession(ctx context.Context, arg UpdateSessionParams) (Session, error) {
+	row := q.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, updateSession,
+		arg.Username,
+		arg.Email,
+		arg.Name,
+		arg.Provider,
+		arg.TotpPending,
+		arg.OAuthGroups,
+		arg.Expiry,
+		arg.OAuthName,
+		arg.UUID,
+	)
+	var i Session
+	err := row.Scan(
+		&i.UUID,
+		&i.Username,
+		&i.Email,
+		&i.Name,
+		&i.Provider,
+		&i.TotpPending,
+		&i.OAuthGroups,
+		&i.Expiry,
+		&i.OAuthName,
+	)
+	return i, err
+}
--- a/internal/service/auth_service.go
+++ b/internal/service/auth_service.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package service

 import (
 	"context"
+	"database/sql"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"regexp"
@@ -9,14 +10,13 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 	"tinyauth/internal/config"
-	"tinyauth/internal/model"
+	"tinyauth/internal/repository"
 	"tinyauth/internal/utils"

 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 type LoginAttempt struct {
@@ -42,17 +42,17 @@ type AuthService struct {
 	loginAttempts map[string]*LoginAttempt
 	loginMutex    sync.RWMutex
 	ldap          *LdapService
-	database      *gorm.DB
+	queries       *repository.Queries
 	ctx           context.Context
 }

-func NewAuthService(config AuthServiceConfig, docker *DockerService, ldap *LdapService, database *gorm.DB) *AuthService {
+func NewAuthService(config AuthServiceConfig, docker *DockerService, ldap *LdapService, queries *repository.Queries) *AuthService {
 	return &AuthService{
 		config:        config,
 		docker:        docker,
 		loginAttempts: make(map[string]*LoginAttempt),
 		ldap:          ldap,
-		database:      database,
+		queries:       queries,
 	}
 }

@@ -205,19 +205,19 @@ func (auth *AuthService) CreateSessionCookie(c *gin.Context, data *config.Sessio
 		expiry = auth.config.SessionExpiry
 	}

-	session := model.Session{
+	session := repository.CreateSessionParams{
 		UUID:        uuid.String(),
 		Username:    data.Username,
 		Email:       data.Email,
 		Name:        data.Name,
 		Provider:    data.Provider,
-		TOTPPending: data.TotpPending,
+		TotpPending: data.TotpPending,
 		OAuthGroups: data.OAuthGroups,
 		Expiry:      time.Now().Add(time.Duration(expiry) * time.Second).Unix(),
 		OAuthName:   data.OAuthName,
 	}

-	err = gorm.G[model.Session](auth.database).Create(auth.ctx, &session)
+	_, err = auth.queries.CreateSession(c, session)

 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func (auth *AuthService) DeleteSessionCookie(c *gin.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	_, err = gorm.G[model.Session](auth.database).Where("uuid = ?", cookie).Delete(auth.ctx)
+	err = auth.queries.DeleteSession(auth.ctx, cookie)

 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -253,20 +253,20 @@ func (auth *AuthService) GetSessionCookie(c *gin.Context) (config.SessionCookie,
 		return config.SessionCookie{}, err
 	}

-	session, err := gorm.G[model.Session](auth.database).Where("uuid = ?", cookie).First(auth.ctx)
+	session, err := auth.queries.GetSession(auth.ctx, cookie)

 	if err != nil {
 		return config.SessionCookie{}, err
 	}

-	if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
 		return config.SessionCookie{}, fmt.Errorf("session not found")
 	}

 	currentTime := time.Now().Unix()

 	if currentTime > session.Expiry {
-		_, err = gorm.G[model.Session](auth.database).Where("uuid = ?", cookie).Delete(auth.ctx)
+		err = auth.queries.DeleteSession(auth.ctx, cookie)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Failed to delete expired session")
 		}
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func (auth *AuthService) GetSessionCookie(c *gin.Context) (config.SessionCookie,
 		Email:       session.Email,
 		Name:        session.Name,
 		Provider:    session.Provider,
-		TotpPending: session.TOTPPending,
+		TotpPending: session.TotpPending,
 		OAuthGroups: session.OAuthGroups,
 		OAuthName:   session.OAuthName,
 	}, nil
--- a/internal/service/database_service.go
+++ b/internal/service/database_service.go
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-package service
-
-import (
-	"database/sql"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"tinyauth/internal/assets"
-
-	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
-	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
-	sqliteMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/sqlite3"
-	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/iofs"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
-)
-
-type DatabaseServiceConfig struct {
-	DatabasePath string
-}
-
-type DatabaseService struct {
-	config   DatabaseServiceConfig
-	database *gorm.DB
-}
-
-func NewDatabaseService(config DatabaseServiceConfig) *DatabaseService {
-	return &DatabaseService{
-		config: config,
-	}
-}
-
-func (ds *DatabaseService) Init() error {
-	dbPath := ds.config.DatabasePath
-	if dbPath == "" {
-		dbPath = "/data/tinyauth.db"
-	}
-
-	dir := filepath.Dir(dbPath)
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create database directory %s: %w", dir, err)
-	}
-
-	gormDB, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dbPath), &gorm.Config{})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	sqlDB, err := gormDB.DB()
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
-
-	err = ds.migrateDatabase(sqlDB)
-
-	if err != nil && err != migrate.ErrNoChange {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	ds.database = gormDB
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (ds *DatabaseService) migrateDatabase(sqlDB *sql.DB) error {
-	data, err := iofs.New(assets.Migrations, "migrations")
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	target, err := sqliteMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDB, &sqliteMigrate.Config{})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	migrator, err := migrate.NewWithInstance("iofs", data, "tinyauth", target)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return migrator.Up()
-}
-
-func (ds *DatabaseService) GetDatabase() *gorm.DB {
-	return ds.database
-}
--- a/query.sql
+++ b/query.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+-- name: CreateSession :one
+INSERT INTO sessions (
+    "uuid",
+    "username",
+    "email",
+    "name",
+    "provider",
+    "totp_pending",
+    "oauth_groups",
+    "expiry",
+    "oauth_name"
+) VALUES (
+    ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?
+)
+RETURNING *;
+
+-- name: GetSession :one
+SELECT * FROM "sessions"
+WHERE "uuid" = ?;
+
+-- name: DeleteSession :exec
+DELETE FROM "sessions"
+WHERE "uuid" = ?;
+
+-- name: UpdateSession :one
+UPDATE "sessions" SET
+    "username" = ?,
+    "email" = ?,
+    "name" = ?,
+    "provider" = ?,
+    "totp_pending" = ?,
+    "oauth_groups" = ?,
+    "expiry" = ?,
+    "oauth_name" = ?
+WHERE "uuid" = ?
+RETURNING *;
+
+-- name: DeleteExpiredSessions :exec
+DELETE FROM "sessions"
+WHERE "expiry" < ?;
--- a/schema.sql
+++ b/schema.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "sessions" (
+    "uuid" TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY UNIQUE,
+    "username" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "email" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "name" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "provider" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "totp_pending" BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+    "oauth_groups" TEXT NULL,
+    "expiry" INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    "oauth_name" TEXT NULL
+);
--- a/sqlc.yml
+++ b/sqlc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+version: "2"
+sql:
+  - engine: "sqlite"
+    queries: "query.sql"
+    schema: "schema.sql"
+    gen:
+      go:
+        package: "repository"
+        out: "internal/repository"
+        rename:
+          uuid: "UUID"
+          oauth_groups: "OAuthGroups"
+          oauth_name: "OAuthName"
+        overrides:
+          - column: "sessions.oauth_groups"
+            go_type: "string"
+          - column: "sessions.oauth_name"
+            go_type: "string"